Intro
It’s convenient to name drop different types of cyber attacks at a party. I often struggle to name more than a few. I will try to maintain a running list of them.
But I find you cannot speak about cybersecurity unless you also have a basic understanding of information technology so I am including some of those terms as well.
As I write this I am painfully aware that you could simply ask ChatGPT to generate a list of all relevant terms in cybersecurity along with their definitions – at least I think you could – and come up with a much better and more complete list. But I refuse to go that route. These are terms I have personally come across so they have special significance for me personally. In other words, this list has been organically grown. For instance I plowed through a report by a major vendor specializing in reviewing other vendor’s offerings and it’s just incredible just how dense with jargon and acronyms each paragragh is: a motherlode of state-of-the-art tech jargon.
AiTM (Adversary in the Middle)
Baitortion
I guess an attack which has a bait such as a plum job offer combined with some kind of extortion? The usage was not 100% clear.
BYOVD (Bring Your Own Vulnerable Driver)
Clickfix infection chain
Upon visiting compromised websites, victims are redirected to domains hosting fake popup windows that instruct them to paste a script into a PowerShell terminal to fix an issue.
Collision attack
I.e., against the MD5 hash algorithm as done in the Blast RADIUS exploit.
Credential Harvesting
Credential Stuffing Attack
I.e., password re-use. Takes advantage of users re-using passwords for different applications. Nearly three of four consumers re-use password this way. Source: F5. Date: 3/2024
Data Wiper
Authentication Bypass
See for instance CVE-2024-0012
Email bombing
A threat actor might flood a victom with spam then offer “assistance” to fix it.
Evasion
Malicious software built to avoid detection by standard security tools.
Password spraying
A type of attack in which the threat actor tries the same password with multiple accounts, until one combination works.
Port Scan
Host Sweep
Supply Chain attack
Social Engineering
Hacking
Hacktivist
I suppose that would be an activitst who uses hacking to further their agenda.
Living off the land
Network reconnaissance
Data Breach
Keylogger
Darknet
Captcha
Click farms
Jackpotting
This is one of my favorite terms. Imagine crooks implanted malware into an ATM and were able to convince it to dispense all its available cash to them on the spot! something like this actually happened. Scary.
Overlay Attack
Example: When you open a banking app on your phone, malware loads an HTML phishing page that’s designed to look just like that particular app and the malware’s page is overlaid on top.
Payment fraud attack
In a recent example, the victim experienced “multiple fraudulently induced outbound wire transfers to accounts controlled by unknown third parties.”
Skimmer
XSS (Cross site Scripting)
bot
Anti-bot, bot defense
Mitigation
SOC
Selenium (Se) or headless browser
Obfuscation
PII, Personally Identifiable Information
api service
Reverse proxy
Inline
endpoint, e.g., login, checkout
scraping
Layer 7
DDOS
Carpet bombing DDOS attack
Many sources hitting many targets within the same subnet. See:
SYN flood
DOS
Visibility
Automation
Token
Post
JavaScript
Replay
Browser Fingerprint
OS
Browser
GDPR
PCI DSS
AICPA Trust Services
Grandparent scam
A social engineering attack where scammers target grandparents by pretending to be a grandchild in a bind.
GUI
(JavaScript) Injection
Command Injection
Hotfix
SDK
URL
GET|POST Request
Method
RegEx
Virtual Server
TLS
Clear text
RCA
SD-WAN
PoV
PoC
X-Forwarded-For
Client/server
Threat Intelligence
Carding attack
Source code
CEO Fraud
Phishing
Vishing
(Voice Phishing) A form of cyber-attack where scammers use phone calls to trick individuals into revealing sensitive information or performing certain actions.
Business email compromise (BEC)
Deepfake
Threat Intelligence
Social engineering
Cybercriminal
SIM box
Command and control (C2)
Typo squatting
Voice squatting
A technique similar to typo squatting, where Alexa and Google Home devices can be tricked into opening attacker-owned apps instead of legitimate ones.
North-South
East-West
Exfiltrate
Malware
Infostealer
Obfuscation
Antivirus
Payload
Sandbox
Control flow obfuscation
Buffer overflow
Use after free
Indicators of Compromise
AMSI (Windows Antimalware Scan Interface)
Polymorphic behavior
WebDAV
Protocol handler
Firewall
Security Service Edge (SSE)
Secure Access Service Edge (SASE)
Zero Trust
Zero Trust is a security model that assumes that all users, devices, and applications are inherently untrustworthy and must be verified before being granted access to any resources or data.
Zero Trust Network Access (ZTNA)
ZTA (Zero Trust Architecture)
Zero Trust Edge (ZTE)
Secure Web Gateway (SWG)
Cloud Access Security Broker (CASB)
Remote Browser Isolation (RBI)
Content Disarm and Reconstruction (CDR)
Firewall as a service
Egress address
Data residency
Data Loss Prevention (DLP)
Magic Quadrant
Managed Service Provider (MSP)
0-day or Zero day
User Experience (UX)
Watermark
DevOps
Multitenant
MSSP
Remote Access Trojan (RAT)
SOGU
2024. A remote access trojan.
IoC (Indicators of Compromise)
Object Linking and Embedding
(Powershell) dropper
Backdoor
Data Bouncing
A technique for data exfiltration that uses external, trusted web hosts to carry out DNS resolution for you
TTP (Tactics, Techniques and Procedures)
Infostealer
Shoulder surfing
Ransomware
Pig butchering
This is particularly disturbing to me because there is a human element, a foreign component, crypto currency, probably a type of slave trade, etc. See the Bloomberg Businessweek story about this.
Forensic analysis
Sitting Ducks
An entirely preventable DNS hijack exploit. See https://blogs.infoblox.com/threat-intelligence/who-knew-domain-hijacking-is-so-easy/
Attack vector
Economic espionage
Gap analysis
AAL (Authentication Assurance Level)
IAL (Identity Assurance Level)
CSPM (Cloud Security Posture Management)
Trust level
Network perimeter
DMZ (Demilitarized zone)
Identity Farming
Sites set up to encourage unsuspecting victims to voluntarily hand over their identity documents and facial images in return for financial compensation.
Defense in depth
Lateral movement
Access policy
Micro segmentation
Least privilege
Privilege Escalation (PE)
Breach
Intrusion
Insider threat
Cache poisoning
I know it as DNS cache poisoning. If an attacker manages to fill the DNS resolver’s cache with records that have been altered or “poisoned.”
Verify explicitly
Network-based attack
Adaptive response
Telemetry
Analytics
Consuming entity
Behavior analysis
Authentication
Authorization
Real-time
Lifecycle management
Flat network
Inherent trust
Cloud native
Integrity
Confidentiality
Data encryption
EDR (Endpoint Detection and Response)
BSOD (Blue Screen of Death)
Everyone’s favorite Windows error!
BSI (Bundesamt für Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik)
German Federal Office for Information Security (Bundesamt für Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik)
ICS (Industrial Control System)
Reverse shell
A text-based interfaces that allow for remote server control.
Crypto Miner
RCE (Remote Code Execution)
Threat Actor
APT (Advanced Persistent Threat)
Compromise
Vulnerability
Bug
Worm
Remote Access VPN (RAVPN)
XDR (Extended Detection and Response)
SIEM (Security Information and Event Management)
User Entity Behavior Analytics (UEBA)
Path traversal vulnerability
An attacker can leverage path traversal sequences like “../” within a request to a vulnerable endpoint which ultimately allows access to sensitive files like /etc/shadow.
Tombstoning
Post-exploit persistence technique
Volumetric DDoS
MFA bomb
Bombard a user with notifications until they finally accept one.
Use-after-free (UAF)
A use-after-free vulnerability occurs when programmers do not manage dynamic memory allocation and deallocation properly in their programs.
Cold boot attack
A cold boot attack focuses on RAM and the fact that it is readable for a short while after a power cycle.
Random Prefix Attack
A type of DNS attack. https://developers.cloudflare.com/dns/dns-firewall/random-prefix-attacks/
Famous named attacks
Agent Tesla
Cloudbleed
Heartbleed
log4j
Morris Worm
Explanations of exploits
Famous attackers
APT29 (Cozy Bear)
A Russia-nexus threat actor often in the news
Volt Typhoon
2024. A China-nexus threat actor
Cybersecurity Terminology
What makes a term a cybersecurity term versus an It term? I had to think about it a bit. There is a lot of overlap for sure. Today to be in IT is to be mindful of security every working moment of your day. So I ended up with just a few terms which I threw into this bucket of cybersecurity terminology. It was my judgment call.
Attack Surface
A loose way of talking about the variety of infrastructrure owned by an entity which is exposed to hacking.
ASM (Attack surface Management)
A testing and tracking tool a cyber security center might use.
Blast Radius
One of those annoying terms borrowed from the military that only marketing people like to throw around. It means what you think it might mean.
Blue Team – see Red Team
BSI (The German Federal Office for Information Security)
Cryptomining
DLS (Data Leak Sites)
Sites where you can see who has had their data stolen.
Offensive Security
See red team.
Red Team
In a red team/blue team exercise, the red team is made up of offensive security experts who try to attack an organization’s cybersecurity defenses.
IT terminology
I’ve chosen the terms I personally come across. I find most IT concepts not particularly difficult to understand, but they are usually coded in a firehose of shorthand references. So a reference is helpful. Thus I’ve also decided to include some terms specific to some of the more popular vendors – because you hear others talking about them using their terminology and shorthand references, and you want to know what they are saying. Some of the definitions are meant to be humorous, like Johnson’s dictionary.
2FA (2 Factor Authentication)
802.1x
ACL (Access Control List)
AD (Active Directory)
ADO (Azure DevOps)
AFK (Away From Keyboard)
Agentic AI
Autonomous agents power by AI. Term becoming popular in 2025.
AGI (Artificial General Intelligence)
AGI is the theory and development of computer systems that can act rationally.
AIOps
Applying AI to IT operations.
AIX
A Unix variant supported by IBM. It had really strange conventions.
Anaconda
A python development platform.
ANN (Artificial Neural Network)
Ansible
I would call it an open source orchestrator.
anti-aliasing
When you smooth out color in neighboring pixels.
anycast
Anydesk
A popular remote management software.
apache
A formerly popular open source web server which became bloated with features.
APM (Application Performance Management)
ARIN
ARM
A processor architecture from ARM Corporation, as opposed to, e.g., x86. Raspberry Pis use ARM. I think Androids do as well.
ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)
ASCII
An early attempt at representing alpha-numeric characters in binary. Was very english-focussed.
ASN (Autonomous System Number)
Each AS is assigned an autonomous system number, for use in Border Gateway Protocol routing
ASN.1 (Abstract Syntax Notation One)
A standard interface description language (IDL) for defining data structures that can be serialized and deserialized in a cross-platform way.
ASPA (Autonomous System Provider Authorization)
An add-on to RPKI that allows an ASN to create a record that lists which ASNs can be providers for that ASN. The concepts are “customer” (an ASN) and “providers” (a list of ASNs). This is used to do hop by hop checking of AS paths.
ASR (Aggregation Services Router)
A high-end Interent router offered by Cisco for business customers.
AV (anti-virus)
AWS (Amazon Web Services)
Azure AD
Beacon
System which broadcasts keep alive data regularly, I think.
BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)
BIND (Berkeley Internet Name Daemon)
An open source implementation of DNS, found on many flavors of linux.
BOM (Bill of Material)
Boot start
A flag for a driver in Windows that tells it to always start on boot.
bootp
A predecessor protocol to DHCP.
broadcast
Browser
BYOD (Bring Your Own Device)
I.e., when employees are permitted to use their personal smartphone to conduct company business.
BYOL (Bring Your Own License)
F5 permits this approach to licensing one of their cloud appliances.
CA (Certificate Authority)
Callback
A routine designed to be called when someone else’s code is executing. At least that’s how I understand it.
CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate)
An entry-level IT certification covering Cisco products.
CDR (Call Detail Record)
Metadata for a phone call.
CDN (Content Distribution Network)
CDP (Cisco Discovery Protocol)
This protocol allows devices connected to switch ports to learn what switch and which switch port they are connected to. It is a layer 2 protocol.
CDSS (Cloud Delivered Security Services)
Only used in Palo Alto Networks land.
CE (Customer Edge or Customer Equipment)
CGN (Carrier Grade NAT)
The address space 100.64.0.0/10 is handled specially by ISPs for CGN. RFC 6598
CHAP
Chatbot
A computer program that simulates human conversation with and end user.
Checksum
An XOR operation on binary data which creates a short and unique signature. Different algorithms may be used.
Chrome
An OS from Google based on linux and somewhat more inflexible and less buggy than Windows.
Chromebook
A laptop which runs CHROME OS.
Chromium
I think this is the open source(?) foundation for some browsers such as Edge.
CI (Configuration Item)
ITIL terminology.
CI/CD
An ITIL term referring to the object upon which changes are made.
CIFS
A protocol related to Windows file shares.
CISA (Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency)
CISO (Chief Information Security Officer)
CISSP (Certified Information Systems Security Professional)
Cleartext
Format where no encryption has been applied.
CMDB (Configuration Management Database)
CMO (Current Mode of Operations)
CNN (Congruential Neural Network)
Computer Vision
A field of AI that leverages machine learning and neutral networks to enable machines to identify and understand visual information such as images and videos.
Copilot
Microsoft’s AI built into their productivity software. Sorry, no more Clippy.
Courrier
A well-known fixed-width font.
CPE (Customer Premise Equipment)
CRL (Certificate Revocation List)
A primitive predecessor to OCSP.
CSR (Certificate Signing Request)
CUPS (Common Unix Printing Systems)
curl
A simple browser for the command line.
CVE
CVEs, or Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures, are a maintained list of vulnerabilities and exploits in computer systems. These exploits can affect anything, from phones to PCs to servers or software. Once a vulnerability is made public, it’s given a name in the format CVE–. There are also scoring systems for CVEs, like the CVSS (Common Vulnerability Scoring System), which assigns a score based on a series of categories, such as how easy the vulnerability is to exploit, whether any prior access or authentication is required, as well as the impact the exploit could have.
CVSS (Common Vulnerability Scoring System)
Part of CVE lingo.
DAST (Dynamic Application Security Testing)
Data at rest
Data in motion
Data Plane
A physical security appliance separates data traffic from its management traffic, which transits the managemenbt plane.
Data Remanence
The residual representation of data that remains even after attempting to erase or initialize RAM.
DDI (DNS, DHCP and IP address management)
Debian Linux
A nice distro which I prefer. It is free and open source. Its packages are relatively uptodate.
Deep Learning
A subset of machine learningthat focus on using deep neural networks with multiple layers to model complex patterns in data.
Deepfake
A manipulated video or other digital representation produced by sophisticated machine-learning techniquies that yield seemingly realistic, but fabricated images and sounds.
DHCP (Dynamic Host Control Protocol)
Distributed Cloud
A Gartner term for a SaaS service which runs over multiple cloud environments.
DLL
DLP (Data Loss Prevention)
DNAT (Destination NAT)
DNS (Domain Name System)
DNSSEC (Domain Name System Security Extensions)
DOA (Dead on Arrival)
Usage: That equipment arrived DOA!
Docker
DoH (DNS over HTTPS)
Domain
DRM (Digital Rights Management)
DVI (DeVice Independent file)
See LaTEX entry.
EAP
East-West
Data movement with a data center, I believe, as oppose to North-South.
EBITDA (Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization)
Hey, an IT person needs to know some business terminology!
Eduroam
Enhanced Factory Reset (EFR)
Entra
From Microsoft. The new name for Azure AD
EntraID
Another way to refer to Entra from Microsoft.
ETR (Estimated Time to Restore)
EU AI Act
EULA (End User Licnese Agreement)
Exact Data Matching (EDM)
FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions)
Fedora Linux
Free and open source linux. New features are introduced here before migrating into Redhat Linux
FEX (Fabric Extender)
FIFO (First in, First Out)
FIPS (Federal Information Processing Standard)
Government security practices. Best to avoid if possible.
FMO (Future Mode of Operation)
As opposed to CMO.
FN (False Negative)
FO (Fiber Optic)
An informal abbreviation used by networking folks.
Forensics
Fortran
An ancient procedural programming language popular in the scientific and engineering communities from decades ago.
FOSS (Free and Open Source Software)
FP (False Positive)
freeBSD
A Unix variant which still exists today.
Fritz!Box
A popular home router in Germany.
GA (General Availability)
Gartner Group
A well-regarded research firm which reviews software and SaaS products. They decide which vendors are in the Magic Quadrant.
GBIC
A type of fiber optic transceiver that converts electric signals to optical signals.
GCP (Google Cloud Provider)
GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation)
An EU directive to achieve data privacy.
Generative AI
AI which can create new human-quality content, including text, images, audio or video.
Ghostscript
An open source postscript implementation.
GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice)
FDA lingo that implies their rules are being followed.
GMT – see UTC
gopher
An information retrieval protocol popular with libraries just prior to the web taking off.
GRE
GSLB (global Server Load Balancing)
GUI (Graphical User Interface)
HA (High Availability)
Hallucination
When an LLM perceives patterns that are non-existent creating nonsensical or inaccurate outputs.
Hands and Eyes
When you don’t have physical access to a server, you need someone who does to be this for you.
HIBP (Have I Been Pwned)
HIP (Host Information Profile)
Only used in the world of Palo Alto Networks.
HLD (High Level Design)
HPC (High Performance Computing)
HSM (Hardware Security Module)
HTML (HyperText Markup Language)
I started with version 0.9!
Hypervisor
IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service)
E.g., brining up a VM on AWS.
IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority)
ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Numbers and Names)
ICMP (Internet Control Messaging Protocol)
A sort of extra protocol for networks, not used for passing data, but information messages such as echo request and echo reply.
ICS
IDE (Integrated Development Environment)
IdP (Identity Provider)
IDS (Intrusion Detection System)
ILEC (Incumbent Local Exchange Carrier)
Incident Response Team
Variations include: Computer emergency Response team, Security incident Response Team, etc.
Infoblox
A DDI vendor whose products are considered best-in-class.
IPAM (IP Address Management)
IPI (IP Intelligence)
At least in the world of F5 this means IP Intelligence, i.e., the reputation of a given IP address.
IPS (Intrusion Prevention System)
IPSEC
IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6)
iRule
F5 specific lingo for programmable control over load-balancing and routing decisions. Uses the TCL language.
ISC (Internet Software Consortium)
A body which maintains an open source reference implementation for DNS (BIND) and DHCP.
ISO 9001
ISP (Internet Service Provider)
ITIL (IT Infrastructure Library)
JSON (JavaScript Object Notation)
Pronounced JAY-son. A popluar format for data exchange. Sort of human-friendly. Example: {“hi”:”there”,”subnets_ignore”:[“10/8″,”192.168/16”]}
Kanban
Agile way of tracking progress on tasks and brief meetings.
Kernel mode
Kerning
Adjusting the spacing between letters in a proportional font.
KEV (Known Exploited vulnerabilities)
CISA maintains this catalog.
K8s (Kubernetes)
Open source system for automating deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications
KVM (Kernel Virtual Module)
L2TP (Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol)
L3, L4, L7 (Layer 3, Layer 4, Layer 7)
Refers to ISO 7-layer traffic model.
LACP (Link Aggregation Control Protocol)
Where you combine several physical interfaces into one logical port channel.
LAMP (Linux Apache MySQL and PHP)
An application stack which gives a server needed software to do “interesting things.”
LaTEX
A markup language based on TEX I used to use to write a scientific paper. I think it gets transformed into a DVI, and then into a postscript file.
LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol)
LEC (Local Exchange Carrier)
Link
Linux
LLD (Low Level Design)
LLD (Low Level Discovery)
A command-line browser for unix systems.
LLDP (Link layer Discovery Protocol)
See also CDP
An open source OS similar to Unix.
LLM (Large Langiuage Model)
lynx
A command-line browser for linux systems.
MAC (Media Access Control) Address
Layer 2 address of a device, e.g., fa-2f-36-b4-8c-f5
Machine Learning
A subfield of AI that deals with creating systems that can learn from data and improve their performance without explicit programming.
Magic Quadrant
Gartner’s term for vendors who exceed in both vision and ability to execute.
Management Plane
See Data Plane.
Mandiant
MD5 (Message Digest 5)
MDM (Mobile Device Management)
Management software used to administer smartphones and tablets.
MFA (Multi Factor Authentication)
MITRE ATT&CK
Modbus protocol
Modern Standby (MS)
Instant-on/instant-off type standby, but thde details are numerous. Read about it here: https://www.thewindowsclub.com/what-is-modern-standby
MS-CHAPv2
MSI
A file type from Microsoft which is self-extracting and installs an application.
MSS (Maximum Segment Size)
Set by a TCP option in the beginning of the communcation.
MTTI (Mean Time To Identification)
Probably only Cisco uses this acronym e.g., in their ThousandEyes product.
MTTR (Mean Time To Resolution)
MTU (Maximum transmission unit)
Often 1500 bytes.
multicast
NAESAD (North American Energy Software Assurance Database)
Named pipes
I read it’s a Windows thing. huh. Hardly. It’s been on unix systems long before it was a twinkle in the eye of Bill gates. It acts like a pipe (|) except you give it a name in the filesystem and so it is a special file type. It’s used for inter-process communication.
NAT (Network Address Translation)
NDA (Non-Disclosure Agreement)
.NET
Netflow
Think of it like a call detail record for IP communications. Metadata for a communications stream.
NFS (Network File System)
A file share protocol popular on Unix systems.
NGFW (Next Generation FireWall)
Palo Alto Networks describes their firewalls this way.
NGINX
A web server that is superioir to apache for most applications.
NLP (Natural Language Processing)
A branch of AI that uses machine learning to enable computers to understand, interpret, and respond to human language.
NOC (Network Operations Center)
North-South
Data movement from/to the data center. Also see East-West.
NSA (National Security Agency)
NTLM
Relies on a three-way handshake between the client and server to authenticate a user.
OAuth bearer token
A security token with the property that any party in possession of the token (a “bearer“) can use the token in any way that any other party in possession of it can.
OCR (Optical Character Recognition)
OCSP
A service which tells you if a certificate has been revoked.
OKRs (Objectives and Key Results)
HR lingo.
OpenRoaming
openssl
A common open source implementation of SSL/TLS.
orca
A Microsoft editing tool – part of their SDK.
OS (Operating System)
OSFP (Open Shortest Path First)
OSS (Open Source Software)
OT (Operational Technology)
ova
The image filetype for a virtual host.
Overlay
See underlay.
OWASP (Open Worldwide Application Security Project)
An online community that produces freely available articles, methodologies, documentation, tools, and technologies in the fields of IoT, system software and web application security.
PAN-OS
Palo Alto Networks name for its firewall OS.
PAP
Patch
PaaS (Platform as a Service)
PBR (Policy Based Routing)
PCI (Payment Card International?)
A standard which seeks to define security practices around the handling of credit cards.
PDF (Portable Document File)
PDU (Protocol Data Unit)
PE (Provider Edge)
Telecom lingo so cisco uses this term a lot.
PEM (Privacy Enhanced Mail)
The format certificates are normally stored in.
PHP (Probably stands for something)
A scripting language often used to program back-end web servers.
PII (Personally Identifiable Information)
Ping
I guess we all know what it means. Usually implemented with ICMP.
PIP
Package management system for python.
PKCS (Public Key Cryptography Standard)
PKI (Public Key Infrastructure)
Plain Text
A human-readable format, i.e., no encyrption and not a binary file.
PLC (Programmable Logic Controller)
PM (Product Manager)
Could also be Project Manager but for me it usually means Product Manager.
PO (Purchase Order)
POC (Point of Contact)
POC (Proof of Concept)
Port Channel
Portable Executable (PE)
POS (Point Of Sale)
I.e., what used to be called the cash register.
POTS (Plain Old Telephone Service)
Voice-grade telephone service employing analog signal transmission over copper
POV (Proof of Value)
Private Cloud
Prompt Engineering
The practice of crafting effective prompts that elicit high-quality answers from generative AI tools.
PS (PostScript)
A file type I used to use. It is a vector-oriented language, stack-based, which tells A printer how to move its ink pens around the page. Before there was PDF, there was postscript.
PS (PowerShell)
A versatile scripting language developed by Microsoft and available on all Windows computers.
PS (Professional Services)
Most IT vendors have a professional services line of business which would love to charge you extra to make their product actually work.
PTO (Paid Time Off)
Purple Team
Purple teams combine red team and blue team functions. See Red Team.
PyPi (Python Package Index)
Python
A popular programming language, not the snake.
QSFP (Quad Small Form factor Pluggable)
A newer kind of SFP.
R
A development language popular in the data science community.
Rack Unit
RADIUS
RAG (Retrieval Augmented Generation)
A method to train LLMs.
Ray
An open-source unified compute framework used by the likes of OpenAI, Uber, and Amazon which simplifies the scaling of AI and Python workloads, including everything from reinforcement learning and deep learning to tuning and model serving.
RBAC (Role-Based Access Control)
RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol)
Recursive
A function which calls itself.
Redhat Linux
A commercialized version of Fedora whose packages are always dated, usually by years.
Redirect
Remediation
Addressing a security flaw.
Remote Desktop Licensing (RDL) services
Often deployed on Windows severs with Remote Desktop Services deployed.
Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)
Reverse Engineer
To figure out the basic building blocks or code by first observing behavior of a system.
Reverse Proxy
A TCP gateway which terminates a tcp connection and maintains a separate tcp connection to a back-end server.
RFC (Request for Comment)
RFI (Requst for Information)
RFO (Reason for Outage)
RFP (Request for Proposal)
RFQ (Request for Quote)
RHSA (Redhat Security Advisory)
RIPE
RIR (Regional Internet Registry)
RMA (Return Merchandise Authorization)
You hear this a lot when It guys need to get a replacement for failed equipment.
RMM (ReMote Management)
ROA (Route Origin Authorization)
ROCE (Return on Capital Employed)
Hey, an IT person has to know a few business terms!
Round Robin
A load balancing algorithm where each back-end server is used in a rotating sequence.
Route 53
In AWS-land, an intellugent DNS service, i.e., geoDNS +.
RPC (Remote Procedure Call)
RPKI (Resource Public key Infrastructure)
Provides a way to connect Internet number resource information to a trust anchor.
RPi (Raspberry Pi)
A popular small, inexpensive server aimed at the educational crowd.
RPM (Redhat Package Manager)
RPZ (Response Policy Zone)
A concept in DNS for either a DNS firewall or way to overwrite DNS responses.
RR (Resource Record)
RSA
Asymmetric encryption standard named after its creators, Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir and Leonard Adleman.
RTFM (Read The “flippin” Manual)
SaaS (Software as a Service)
SAML
SANS
Private outfit in the US which specializes in information security and cybersecurity training.
Sans-Serif
A font type which does not have the fancy rounded blobs at the tips of the letter, such as Helvetica.
SASE (Secure Access Service Edge)
Palo Alto Networks likes to think they invented this term, but once Gartner started to use it they went on to embrace some other term. Or maybe it was the other way around.
SAN (Subject Alternative Name)
In certificate-land, an extension field which lists all the various names for which this certificate is authorized for.
SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition)
That’s for OT stuff.
Scale sets
In cloud, a service which automates the build-up or tear-down of VMs behind a load balancer.
SDK (Software Development Kit)
SDWAN (Software defined WAN)
Sentinel
I need to learn this myself. It just came up today.
SEO (Search Engine Optimization)
SFP (Small Form factor Pluggable)
A type of optic transceiver that converts electric signals to optical signals.
SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language)
If you ask the French they proudly point to this as the predeccesor, invented in France, of course, to the more widely known HTML.
SFTP (Secure file Transfer Protocol)
SHA (Secure Hash Algorithm)
Signature
A matchable pattern in analyzed data, .e.g., the checksum for an executable.
SIEM (Security Information and Event Management)
SMB
Old protocol used for Windows file shares.
SMP (Symmetric Multi Processing)
SMTP (Secure Mail Transfer Protocol)
SNAT (Source NAT)
SNI (Server Name Indication or similar, I think)
When multiple HTTP[S web sites whare a single IP this technology can be used to identify which certificate to send to a requester.
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)
All security appliances support this protocol which permits system monitoring.
SNORT (probably is an awkward acronym)
An open source rule-matching engine to scan network traffic and serve as an IDS.
SOC (System on a Chip)
I believe the RPi is described to be this.
SOC (Security Operations Center)
Solaris
A Unix variant possibly still available. Offered by Oracle and formerly Sun Microsystems Corporation. Was cool and innovative in its day.
SPN (Security Processing Node)
Palo Alto Networks lingo for a cloud firewall which terminates IPSEC connections from a Remote Network (also their lingo).
Spoofing
When a source IP address is faked.
SR (Short Range)
An informal abbreviation used by networking folks.
SRE (Site Reliability Engineer)
SSH (Secuire Shell)
SSL (Secure Socket Layer)
SSL Labs
A Qualys (so you know it has to be good quality) service where you can test a web site’s SSL certificate.
SSO (Single Sign On)
Steal with Pride
To unashamedly build on someone else’s work.
Sticky Session
In a load-balanced environment, the ability to direct client traffic from a unique client to the same back-end server.
SunOS
Before Solaris there was SunOS, a BSD flavor of Unix, I believe, offered by Sun.
SVI (Switch virtual Interface)
A layer 3 on-switch routing between vlans on that switch. It’s a Cisco thing.
TAC (Technical Account or something?)
TAM (Technical Account Manager)
Another Cisco term.
Cisco uses this term a lot.
TCP (Transport Control Protocol)
TeamViewer
A remote management tool.
Telnet
Terraform
The epoch
The first moment of January 1st, 1970
TI (Threat Intelligence)
TLP (Traffic Light Protocol)
TLS (Transport Layer Security)
Tooltip
An element of a graphical user interface in the form of a box of text that appears when a cursor is made to hover over an item; normally used to explain the function of the item.
TPM (Trusted Platform Module)
TPM, a Microsoft security feature required by Windows 11, is a dedicated chip designed to provide “hardware-level security services for your device,” keeping your private information and credentials safe from unauthorized users.
TSF (Tech Support File)
Palo Alto Networks-specific lingo for a dump file they require for a firewall support case.
Ubuntu Linux
A commercialized implementation of Debian Linux from Canonical.
UC (Unified Communications)
Cisco likes this term.
udev rules
udev rules in Linux are used to manage device nodes in the /dev directory. Those nodes are created and removed every time a user connects or disconnects a device.
UI5
SAP’s UI for HTML 5.
Ultrix
A Unix variant which ran on DEC workstations.
Underlay
SD Wan terminology for the underlying network. As opposed to overlay.
Unit testing
UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply)
URL
Use case
UTC (Universal Time Coordinated)
What used to be called GMT.
UTF-8
Common representation of common language characters. I think of it as a successor to ASCII.
Validated
In FDA parlance, an adjective used to describe a system which follows FDA controls. It’s usually a pain in the rear to run a validated system, e.g., as part of a GMP environment.
VAX (probably stands for something)
A legacy line of micro-computers sold by Digital Equipment Corporation, as in, the VAX 8600. The OS was called VMS.
VDI
A virtual desktop offered by Citrix.
VLAN
VM (Virtual Machine)
VMSS (Virtual machine Scale Set)
Azure uses this abbreviation.
VMWare
Will Broadcom destroy this company the way they did to Bluecoat/Symantec?
VNC (Virtual Networking Computer)
VNC is a software used to remotely control a computer.
VPC (Virtual Private Cloud)
vPC (Virtual Port Channel)
A virtual port channel (vPC) allows links that are physically connected to two different Cisco FEXes to appear as a single port channel by a third device.
VPG (Virtual Port Group)
A Cisco-ism.
VPN – Virtual Private Network
VRF
A logically separated network when using MPLS.
WAF (Web Application Firewall)
WAIS (Wide Area Information System, or something like that)
Another competitor to the world wide web. I believe Brewster Kahle was behind it?
Webhook
Website
Wiki
A less formal and usually more collaborative approach to documentation, the prime example being Wikipedia.
Windows PE or Win PE
A small OS for repairing or restoring Windows systems.
WWW (World Wide Web)
x86
A type of processor architecture. Found in most Windows PCs.
XHR (XMLHttpRequest)
I.e., ajax.
XML (eXtensible Markup Language)
Common file format for data exchange, but not too human-friendly.
YAML
YARA
Zabbix
An open source infrastructure monitoring system.